Near-death transition is marked by physical changes that are unavoidable because the body is in the process of cooling off as it transitions to the end. Hospice UK states that such alterations may occur in hours or days and that almost all people who are nearing death experience them, irrespective of the illness they have. The studies also indicate that there are more than 20 million individuals worldwide who require end-of-life provisions, indicating the common occurrence of these events.
Deaths in the U.S. account for more than three-quarters of the adults, where those 65 and above are involved in most cases through chronic diseases. Vigilance, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, diminishes as blood flow reduces, typically causing coldness in key areas and skin discoloration.
The amount of sleep increases, and the breathing pattern changes, becoming heavier, more irregular, or even louder due to mucous congestion. It would help caregivers offer support and empathy in this deep time aspect by understanding these alterations.
Appetite and thirst diminish
Other people will see your loved one refusing food or just taking small pieces of water. This isn’t about stubbornness or discomfort. The body begins to use energy sparingly as it requires less nourishment and fluids. Reduction may drop off, and dehydration is bound to occur at this point; avoiding forcing food or beverages is essential.
Instead, you can offer comfort with ice chips or by wetting the lips. The target is not complete food, but rather actions that provide some relief and make it easier for them to live.
Extended rest and fatigue
Energy becomes a scarce resource during this time. People end up spending a lot of their time sleeping, and some lapse into semi-consciousness. Dialogues may be quite disjointed, and sleepiness and tiredness rule their daytime hours.
One of the best things you can do for them is to create a tranquil resting environment. Turning the lights down, keeping the noise down, and just sitting there can be of great help.
Breathing changes
Breathing may no longer be rhythmic and predictable. It could be shallow breathing between deep breaths or even waiting so long between breaths that you hold your breath as you watch. Often, gurgling sounds can occur as a result of greasy mucus in the throat.
These developments are somewhat alarming, but they are natural. Placing your loved one in an upright or side position can make breathing easier.
Loss of bladder and bowel control
It is common for the body to lose its ability to control bladder and bowel management at the end. Organs might shut down, and accidents or total incontinence may be experienced.
Maintaining dignity during this time is key. Use incontinence products and change them gently and discreetly. Not an easy task, however, with respect and care, everything is different.
Skin color and temperature fluctuations
Cold hands. Foot or leg blueish or purple blotchy skin. The changes occur when blood circulation is slowed down and the body concentrates on the preservation of its vital organs.
The common-sense measures, such as covering them with blankets (but not making them overheated), can make the difference and should be used to bring comfort without disturbing the process.
Reduced urine production
You may notice a slight darkening of the color and more intense urine, followed by a sharp decline in its production. This is an indication of the kidneys failing.
Care teams monitor these signs closely to anticipate changes. Though this could be painful, it belongs to a natural sequence.
Social withdrawal
Even extroverts tend to move away into social withdrawal during their last days. Conversations may decrease, moments of silence may increase, and interaction with the outside world may decrease.
This is not rejection, it’s preservation. Being there and sitting calmly by their side or holding their hand, without demanding any interaction, is a way of support without putting a burden.
Restlessness and confusion
Restlessness could develop suddenly and, in many cases, with disorientation or episodes of agitation. This may be due to alterations in brain functions or physical pain.
The episodes can be reduced by establishing a relaxed and comforting environment. Even having a loved one nearby, listening to favorite music, or experiencing a pleasant odor can help bring them back to their senses during disorientation.
Muscle weakness
When a body is losing its muscle strength, it generally weighs more. The muscles of the face and limbs become relaxed, causing the facelifts of the patients to change and resulting in a lax jaw or little to no tension holding small objects.
Make them feel cared for by helping them move, gently guiding them sideways, and ensuring they lie down in a comfortable position.
Pain and shortness of breath
As the condition develops, some people experience discomfort or breathe heavily. The aim is always to manage these symptoms effectively.
Relief can be given through pain relief medication, oxygen therapy, or simple changes of position. The recommendations of medical professionals on effective interventions will make them as comfortable as possible.
Key takeaway
It is a profound yet poetically mundane process of the physical changes that occur at the end of life. Loss of appetite, skin changes, isolation, or breathing alterations may be pretty scary; however, they are all natural processes of the body letting go.
The foremost responsibility of a caregiver would be to make the person comfortable, uphold dignity, and provide care in the form of presence during such an occasion. Being able to appreciate these changes just as they are will enable you to deliver empathetic care in a bid to ensure your loved one will rest in peace as the curtain falls.
Disclaimer–This list is solely the author’s opinion based on research and publicly available information. It is not intended to be professional advice.
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